ĝhei-2 : ĝhi-

    ĝhei-2 : ĝhi-

    English meaning: winter; snow

    Deutsche Übersetzung: “Winter, Schnee”

    Note: after Specht Decl. 14, 330 f. older -men- stem, with already IE change of mn to m.

    Material: A. ĝhei-men-, *ĝheimn-: The r-extension is analogical after *semero- ‘summery”. O.Ind. hḗ man (loc.) “in winter”, hēmantá -ḥ m. “winter” (: Hitt. gimmanza ds.); Gk. χεῖμα n. “winter, winter storm, coldness”, χειμών m. “ winter storm, winter weather, winter” (in addition also χείμαρος “ spigot “, it would be pulled out if the ship was brought in the land); Alb.Gheg dimën m., Tosc dimër(ë) “winter” (older acc. *ĝhei-men-om); Bal.-Slav. *žeimü (from *žeimnü) in Lith. žiemà , Ltv. zìma, O.Pruss. semo “winter” and O.C.S. zima, gen. zimy, Russ. zimá, Bulg. zíma, Ser.-Cr. zíma, Sloven. zíma, Cz. zima, Pol. zima “winter”. Hitt. gi-im-ma-an-za “winter” see above. In addition ĝheim(e)rinos and ĝheiminos “wintery”. In Gk. χειμερινός, Lat. hibernus (< *gheimrinos), Lith. žiemì nis, O.C.S. zimьnъ, Russ. zímnij, Ser.-Cr. zîmnî, Cz. zimní (Cz. zimnū “cold”), Pol. zimny “cold, wintery” (compare with ablaut. i in the root syllable Arm. jmeṙn “winter”). To *ghei- allein: Av. zayan-, zaēn- m. “winter”, Pers. dai; Av. zayana- “wintery” and with Vr̥ddhierung O.Ind. hǘ yana- “annual, yearly”, hüyaná - m. n. “year” (rhyme meaning to Av. hamana ‘summery”).

    Note: Gk. ἔνος “year” : Lat. annus “year” (*atnos ) “year” : O.Ind. hǘ yana- “yearly”, hüyaná - m. n. “year” prove that Root en-2 : “year” : Root at-, *atno- : “to go; year” : Root u̯et- : “year” [prothetic u̯- before bare initial vowels] derived from Root ĝhei-2, ĝhi-, ĝhei-men-, *ĝheimn- : “winter; snow” B. ĝhi̯ōm, ghii̯ōm, gen. ĝhiemós, ĝhimós, also ĝ hi̯ omó s (m from *mn?). Av. zyü̊ f. “winter” (acc. zyąm, gen. zimō); Arm. jiun ‘snow” (< *ghii̯ōm), gen. jean (< ĝhii̯on-, s. Meillet Esquisse 45); Gk. χιών (*χιώμ), χιόνος ‘snow”; ligur. mōns Berigiema (“ schneetragend “), with a reshaped ending; Lat. hiems, -is “winter”; M.Ir. gem-adaig “ winter night “ (gam “winter” is reshaped after sam ‘summer”, compare Thurneysen KZ. 59, 2, 8; 61, 253); O.Welsh gaem, Welsh gauaf, O.Corn. goyf, Bret. goan̄v, Gaul. winter month Giamon[ios], Eigenname Giamillus, other formations M.Ir. gem-rad n., M.Welsh gaeaf-rawd “winter”(*ĝhii̯emo-rōto-, to ret-”run”); also Ir. gamuin “ one year-old calf “; O.Ice. gōi f. and gǣ f., gōi-münaðr “ the month from middle of February till the middle of March “, Ice. gōa, under f., Nor. gjø f., Swe. göjemå nad (gō- < gi̯ō- after Bugge Ark. f. N.. Fil. 4, 123 ff.). Fraglich die apposition from O.N. gamall “old”, gemlingr “one year old sheep”, O.E. gamol “old”, gamelian “ grow old “, O.S. gigamalod “aged”, O.H.G. only in Eigennamen as Gamalbold, Gamalberht, Gamalberga etc. as “aged”, compare Lat. annōsus. C. ĝhimo- (from ĝ hi-mn-o-?): O.Ind. himá-ḥ m. “coldness, frost, snow”, hímü f. “winter”, Av. zǝmaka- m. “ winter storm “ (compare den gen. from zyü̊ : zimō under В.); Gk. δύσχιμος “wintery, stormy”, ὁ χίμαρος “he-goat”, ἡ χίμαρος “ the one-year-old (nanny goat)”, χίμαιρα “goat”, Lat. bīmus (< *bihimos), trīmus, quadrīmus “ two years old or lasting two years “ (compare ved. śatá-hima- “hundred-year-old”), Nor. dial. gimber, Swe. dial. gimber, Dan. gimmerlam “ female lamb”, dial. but “ one-year-old lamb” (Pedersen KZ. 32, 248), andfrk. (Lex Salica) ingimus? “porcus anniculus”. The forms with y: O.Ice. gymbr “ one-year-old sow”, Nor. gymber, Swe. gymmer “lamb” are based probably on influence of not related - by the way, uninterpreted - O.Ice. gymbill, PN Gumbull, O.S. gummerlamb “aries, ram”, Ice. gummarr, Nor. gumse, Swe. gumse “aries, ram”, see Hellquist SvEO. 210.

    References: WP. 1 546 ff., WH. I 106, 645 f., Trautmann 367, Specht KZ. 53, 307 f.